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superiortransmissioninc-products-EP-S45C Helical Gear Rack Quenching & Tempering HB20–25°

EP-S45C Helical Gear Rack Quenching & Tempering HB20–25°

The EP-S45C Helical Gear Rack is a high-precision linear transmission component manufactured from S45C steel and processed via quenching and tempering to achieve a hardness of HB20–25°. Featuring a 19°31’42” right-hand helix angle, this rack ensures smooth engagement and reduced noise compared to spur gears. Produced with four-side flat grinding and fine cutting, it meets DIN8 (International Grade 7) accuracy standards. Available in modules ranging from M1.5 to M12 with standard lengths of 500mm to 1000mm, it offers versatile mounting options with pre-drilled holes or solid backs (suffix “N”). Ideal for CNC machinery, automation systems, and heavy-duty industrial applications requiring durable, precise linear motion.

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Precision Mechanical Transmission

EP-S45C Helical Gear Rack

Quenching & Tempering HB20–25° · DIN8 International Level 7 · Right Helix Angle 19°31′42″

Spesifikasi Teknis

Unit / Dimension: mm  |  End pitch Pe = Module × π / COS(19°31′42″)  |  Fp = Total pitch error

Code Modul Pt L L2 Tooth No. B A0 A1 D I Hole No. A C1 C2 E D1 I1 C3 Fp
662 010 050 1.5 4.9999 500.00 6 100 17 17 15.5 62.5 125 4 7 6 9.5 7 31.7 436.6 5.7 0.066
662 010 100 1.5 4.9999 1000.00 6 200 17 17 15.5 62.5 125 8 7 6 9.5 7 31.7 936.6 5.7 0.074
662 015 050 1.5 4.9999 500.00 6.74 100 19 19 17.5 62.5 125 4 8 7 11 7 31.7 436.6 5.7 0.066
662 020 050 2 6.6666 500.00 8.5 75 24 24 22 62.5 125 4 8 7 11 7 31.7 436.6 5.7 0.066
662 030 050 3 9.9999 500.00 10.3 50 29 29 26 62.5 125 4 9 10 15 9 35.0 430.0 7.7 0.066
662 030 100 3 9.9999 1000.00 10.3 100 29 29 26 62.5 125 8 9 10 15 9 35.0 930.0 7.7 0.072
662 040 050 4 13.3333 506.67 13.8 38 39 39 35 62.5 125 4 12 10 15 9 33.3 433.0 7.7 0.072
662 050 050 5 16.6666 500.00 17.4 30 49 39 34 62.5 125 4 12 14 20 13 37.5 425.0 11.7 0.072
662 060 050 6 19.9999 500.00 20.9 25 59 49 43 62.5 125 4 16 18 26 17 37.5 425.0 15.7 0.072
662 080 050 8 26.6667 480.00 28.0 18 79 79 71 60.0 120 4 25 22 33 21 120 240.0 19.7 0.08
662 100 100 10 33.3333 1000.00 35.11 30 99 99 89 62.5 125 8 32 33 48 32 125 750.0 19.7 0.09
662 120 100 12 39.9999 1000.00 42.56 25 120 120 108 40 125 8 40 39 58 38 125 750.0 19.7 0.09

Racks without holes are also available — append "N" to the model code (e.g. STOER010N). Custom dimensions and materials can be supplied based on engineering drawings.

How the Helical Rack and Pinion Works

The working principle of a helical rack and pinion system is straightforward but mechanically elegant. A circular pinion gear rotates about a fixed axis, and its teeth engage the angled tooth profile of the stationary or sliding gear rack. Because the helix angle (here 19°31′42″) causes each tooth to enter mesh gradually rather than all at once, load is distributed across a contact line that sweeps across the full tooth face during engagement. This dramatically reduces the impulse force per unit time, translating into lower vibration, quieter operation, and higher sustainable torque for any given cross-section compared to an equivalent spur gear rack.

Motion transmission in a rack and pinion gear assembly is governed by a simple relationship: linear travel per pinion revolution equals the rack's circular pitch multiplied by the number of pinion teeth. This predictable gear ratio of rack and pinion allows designers to select module and tooth count to achieve precise feed rates in machine tools, accurate positioning in rack and pinion linear slide assemblies, and reliable stroke control in industrial presses. The four-side flat-grinding finish on the EP-S45C ensures mounting faces are geometrically true, simplifying integration with linear guide rail systems or structural extrusions.

What Is a Helical Gear Rack?

A gear rack is a flat or straight bar with teeth machined along one face, designed to mesh with a rotating pinion gear and convert rotary motion into precise linear displacement. The EP-S45C is a helical-tooth variant — meaning the tooth profile is cut at an angle (right helix angle 19°31′42″) rather than parallel to the axis — which produces significantly smoother engagement, lower vibration, and higher load capacity compared to a straight spur gear rack. Because multiple teeth share the load simultaneously, the helical gear rack tolerates heavy-duty cyclic forces without the impact shock that plagues spur profiles. This makes the EP-S45C the preferred choice wherever quieter operation and extended service life are non-negotiable requirements.

The raw bar stock is S45C medium-carbon steel, chosen for its reliable machinability and excellent response to heat treatment. After the four-side flat-grinding and fine-cutting production process, each linear gear rack receives a quenching and tempering hardness treatment reaching HB20–25°, locking in a tough, wear-resistant surface that maintains dimensional stability across a wide operating temperature range. The result is a rack and pinion gear component that engineers can integrate into CNC gantry systems, automated logistics lines, heavy-duty shelves, and machine tool slides with confidence in long-term precision retention.

Conforming to DIN8 International Level 7 accuracy standards, the EP-S45C sits firmly in the precision segment of the gear rack and pinion market — tight enough for high-repeatability automation yet commercially practical for industrial-scale procurement. Custom lengths, hole patterns, and alternative materials are available on request; racks without holes are also supplied (suffix "N" appended to the model code, e.g. STOER010N).

superiortransmissioninc-products-EP-S45C Helical Gear Rack Quenching & Tempering HB20–25°

Five Key Advantages

Smooth, Quiet Engagement

The helical tooth geometry creates a rolling contact line rather than a full-width impact at every mesh cycle. This progressive load entry reduces noise and vibration, making the EP-S45C well-suited to environments where acoustic quality matters — automated warehouses, medical imaging gantries, and precision grinding machines.

High Load Capacity

With teeth cut from S45C medium-carbon steel and hardened to HB20–25° through quenching and tempering, this duty gear rack handles elevated tangential and axial forces without plastic deformation. Multiple teeth share the load simultaneously, so peak contact stress stays within safe limits even under sudden dynamic loads typical of industrial portal robots.

DIN8 Level 7 Precision

Every bar is produced to DIN8 International Level 7 tolerance, meaning tooth-to-tooth and cumulative pitch errors are tightly controlled. For applications such as rack and pinion linear slide positioning or multi-axis CNC routing, this accuracy grade ensures repeatable positioning without backlash compensation becoming a constant maintenance burden.

Flexible Length Options

Standard bars come in 500 mm and 1,000 mm lengths across a full module range from M1.5 to M12. Because the tooth pitch is precise across the entire bar, multiple bars can be butted end-to-end to form an extended linear rack and pinion drive without detectable step errors at the joints — a key feature for long-travel machine axes.

Custom-Ready Design

Hole-free variants (suffix "N"), alternative alloy steels, special coatings, and non-standard cross-sections are all available on request. The four-side ground mounting datum planes allow the rack to bolt directly to precision-machined sub-plates or extrusion-profile systems without shimming, accelerating installation on the shop floor.

Material & Heat Treatment

S45C is a JIS-standard medium-carbon steel (roughly equivalent to AISI 1045 and DIN C45) that balances machinability, tensile strength, and heat-treatment response in a commercially available grade. With carbon content around 0.42–0.48%, it machines cleanly to fine-tooth geometry while accepting quench-and-temper heat treatment to achieve the targeted surface hardness of HB20–25°. The quenching step rapidly cools the steel from austenitizing temperature, producing a hard martensitic structure, while the subsequent tempering cycle reduces internal stress and restores enough toughness to withstand shock loading — the precise balance needed for a heavy-duty shelves gear rack or a high-cycle automation axis.

The four-side flat-grinding and fine-cutting production process removes material symmetrically, maintaining straightness and eliminating residual bending stress induced during the heat treatment stage. Each ground face serves as a reference datum, which is why the EP-S45C can be mounted without the surface preparation steps typically required for rolled or milled rack stock. This production discipline is where the DIN8 Level 7 accuracy actually comes from — controlled tooth geometry achieved not just through the hobbing or milling step, but by the entire sequence of operations that follows it.

Skenario Aplikasi

1

CNC Machine Tools

Large-format CNC routers, plasma cutters, and gantry milling centres rely on a rack and pinion gear drive for their primary X and Y axes. The EP-S45C provides the combination of long-travel capability, bidirectional repeatability, and structural rigidity that linear ball-screw drives cannot economically match beyond a few metres of travel.

2

Industrial Robots & Gantries

Portal robots and overhead gantry pick-and-place systems in automotive and electronics manufacturing deploy this linear gear rack to achieve metre-per-second traverse speeds while maintaining sub-millimetre positioning accuracy. The helical profile's smooth torque transfer eliminates jerk that would otherwise disturb delicate end-effectors.

3

Rack and Pinion Press

Benchtop and floor-standing rack and pinion press designs use a gear rack to convert handle rotation into controlled downward thrust. The S45C material is hard enough to withstand the Hertzian contact stress at the tooth root during full-load pressing strokes, while the tempered core remains tough enough to absorb the end-of-stroke impact without cracking.

4

Automated Storage & Retrieval

High-bay warehouse cranes and stacker-retriever systems use a gearbox rack and pinion drive for vertical and horizontal travel. Long rack assemblies — formed by precision end-butting of 1,000 mm bars — allow continuous travel across tens of metres without speed-reducing mechanical joints.

5

Stage & Broadcast Equipment

Broadcast camera pedestals, studio lighting rigs, and theatrical stage lifts rely on the quiet operation of a helical rack tooth profile. Where servo-driven axes must track subjects smoothly and silently, the EP-S45C's low transmission error makes it the go-to solution for broadcast-quality motion control equipment.

Ready to Source Your Gear Rack?

Browse the complete series — modules M1.5 through M12, standard and hole-free configurations.

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Helical Gear

Pair the EP-S45C with a precision-matched Helical Gear pinion to complete a low-noise, high-load drive system. Our full helical gear range covers modules from M1 to M12 in multiple bore and key configurations, ensuring system compatibility and one-stop sourcing for linear axes. The matched helix angle guarantees correct axial thrust orientation and smooth, vibration-free mesh throughout the service life.

helical gear pinion compatible with gear rack

Rak Gigi Plastik

For applications where weight saving, corrosion immunity, or reduced noise at light loads are priorities, our plastic gear rack series offers a reliable alternative. Available in POM and nylon formulations, these racks are dimensionally interchangeable with our steel series for quick substitution during prototyping. They can also operate without lubrication in food-processing, cleanroom, or medical-equipment environments where oil contamination is unacceptable.

plastic gear rack alternative

About Our Factory

With over a decade of hands-on experience in mechanical power transmission manufacturing, our team has spent more than ten years engineering and producing drive components that hold up in the world's most demanding industrial environments. Our ISO 9001:2015 certified facility produces a comprehensive range of mechanical products: agricultural gearboxes, worm gear reducers, planetary gear drives, power take-off shafts, hydraulic cylinders, gears, sprockets, worm gears, pulleys, shafts, and both standard and custom mechanical assemblies.

Every product — from a small gear rack for a benchtop instrument to a large-module custom gear rack for an industrial portal crane — passes through the same quality-controlled process flow. Castings are sourced in ductile iron, grey cast iron, cast steel, precision investment-cast steel, and cast aluminium depending on application requirements. Our in-house machining centre capabilities cover turning, milling, grinding, hobbing, and heat treatment, which is how we maintain short lead times without compromising the dimensional tolerances our customers specify.

Bengkel

gear rack factory workshop
drilling and milling composite machining center
rolling machining cylinder bore
gearbox manufacturing floor

Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan

Which module size of helical gear rack should I choose for a CNC gantry router needing a travel speed of 20 m/min?
For a CNC gantry router targeting 20 m/min rapid traverse, a Module 4 or Module 5 helical rack and pinion pair is typically the right starting point. The module governs tooth size and therefore the tangential load capacity per unit face width. At that speed, pinion tooth frequency (RPM × teeth) must stay within the servo's bandwidth. A 20-tooth pinion on M4 rack gives a 1,000 mm/rev advance, meaning a servo at 1,200 RPM covers 20 m/min — well within standard servo capability. Always verify the Fp (total pitch error) value in the specification table against your positioning-accuracy budget.
What is the difference between a helical gear rack and a straight gear rack for heavy industrial automation in Europe?
The fundamental mechanical distinction is how the tooth load builds up during mesh. A straight gear rack (spur type) engages the full tooth width instantaneously, creating a sharp impulse force at every pitch point. A helical gear rack spreads that same load across an oblique contact line that sweeps progressively through the engagement zone. In practical terms for European industrial automation: the helical variant delivers higher permissible tangential forces per module, lower acoustic emission (typically 3–8 dB quieter), and smoother torque ripple. The trade-off is an axial thrust component that the bearing arrangement must absorb.
How do I calculate the gear ratio of rack and pinion for a linear positioning stage in precision manufacturing?
Itu gear ratio of rack and pinion is not a fixed number like a conventional gear pair — instead, it expresses the relationship between pinion rotation (degrees or revolutions) and linear rack travel. The formula is: Linear Travel per Revolution = Module × π × Number of Pinion Teeth (for a spur rack). For a helical rack, the circular pitch in the normal plane differs from the transverse plane pitch (Pt = Module × π / COS(helix angle)), so you use the transverse pitch from the specification table directly. Multiply the pinion tooth count by Pt to get travel per revolution. Divide your target feed rate by this figure to determine the required shaft RPM.
Where do rack and pinion drives perform best compared to ball screws in automated warehouse systems in North America?
A gear rack and pinion drive outperforms ball screws whenever the travel axis exceeds roughly 2–3 metres, the required speed is above 1 m/s, or the moving mass is high. Ball screws become costly and prone to critical speed resonance at long lengths. In automated storage and retrieval systems across North American distribution centres, long-travel stacker cranes and shuttle vehicles routinely use the rack pinion gear drive for horizontal and mast-climbing axes. The linear rack and pinion arrangement also supports modular track extensions easily — simply butt-joint additional rack bars — whereas a ball screw installation is fixed in length after assembly.
What are the main disadvantages of using a gear rack in outdoor construction equipment exposed to dust and moisture in Southeast Asia?
The primary challenges for an open gear rack in dusty or humid outdoor environments are lubrication retention and contamination ingestion. Unlike a ball screw with sealed housing, a rack-and-pinion drive exposes the tooth flanks to the surrounding environment. Coarse particulate matter abrades the tooth surface and accelerates pitch-error accumulation. Practical mitigations include grease-lubricating the rack at scheduled intervals, specifying a protective bellows cover or rack guard where geometry permits, choosing a higher module (larger teeth tolerate surface wear better), and selecting a corrosion-inhibiting grease rated for high temperature and moisture. For particularly aggressive environments, surface coatings or stainless-steel alloys can be specified as custom gear rack options.

Editor: PXY

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